Hanlu is the seventeenth solar term among the twenty-four solar terms, belonging to the fifth solar term of autumn. When the sun reaches 195 degrees of the ecliptic, it welcomes the cold dew. The "Collection and Explanation of the Seventy Two Seasons of the Moon" records: "Cold dew, the ninth lunar month. The dew is cold and will condense." During the season of white dew, the dew is bright and white; At the moment of the cold dew, the temperature further drops, and the dew is no longer just white water droplets, but becomes cold and almost condenses into ice. The name "cold dew" comes from this. White dew is "dew condensed and white", while cold dew is "dew cold and icy". The difference of one character marks the transition of autumn from shallow to deep, from mid autumn to late autumn. The heat has completely dissipated, the cold is gradually rising, and the world is clear. Ancient people followed the time sequence to guide agriculture and daily life, leaving behind many touching stories and legends.
The 24 solar terms system was formed in the Western Han Dynasty's "Huainanzi · Tianwenxun", and Hanlu was officially included in the time series at this time. The ancient ancestors relied on observing celestial phenomena and phenological changes to determine seasons. Early autumn white dew, the temperature difference between day and night has just widened; At the cold dew, the temperature in northern regions significantly drops, while autumn coolness gradually arrives in southern regions. Geese fly south, and plants wither and turn yellow. The ancients summarized the three seasons of cold dew: first, when geese and guests arrive; second, when sparrows enter the great water, they become clams; third, when chrysanthemums have yellow flowers. Geese flock southward for migration; Birds disappeared without a trace, and a large number of clams appeared on the beach.
Ancient people saw shell patterns resembling birds and thought that birds would turn into clams when they entered the sea; The chrysanthemums in the mountains bloom for the first time at this moment, proud of the autumn coolness. The three phenological periods vividly depict the scene of all things converging and preparing for winter during the cold dew season.
During the cold dew season, farming enters its final stage. A folk proverb says, "During the cold dew season, everyone is busy planting wheat, picking flowers, and tending to soybean fields." In the north, they are eager to harvest corn and soybeans, and rush to plant winter wheat; Picking late rice and cotton in the Jiangnan region; In southern China, it is necessary to do a good job in field management of late rice and prevent low temperature damage.
Cold dew and precipitation decrease, and the air becomes dry, also known as "autumn dryness". At this time, dryness is called "cool dryness", which is different from the warm dryness of white dew. Health preservation should focus on warming and preventing cold.
In the long river of history, Cold Dew has given rise to many small stories that have been passed down through the ages.
The most famous one is the legend of the guest geese. The ancients observed that as soon as the cold dew arrived, the geese would migrate southward in batches. The first arriving geese are called "hosts", while the later arriving geese are called "guests", hence they are called "guests of geese". According to folk legend, the wild goose is a trustworthy spirit bird that manages the temporal news of the human world. In ancient times, the people did not have a precise calendar. Every year, when geese flew north, spring arrived, and when they flew south, autumn was deep. One autumn, the autumn chill arrived very early, and the people did not know the season, so they did not sow winter wheat for a long time. The wild goose flew south ahead of schedule and hovered over the village for a long time, unwilling to leave. The local elders understood the warning of the geese and called on the people to sow wheat as soon as possible. When the cold winter comes, due to timely cultivation, the people can safely survive the famine.
Since then, ancient people have regarded the southward flight of cold dew geese as an important phenological signal, reminding people to harvest and sow in autumn and not miss the farming season. The ancient people respected the integrity of geese and wrote it into the cold dew phenology, which was passed down from generation to generation.
The custom of appreciating chrysanthemums with cold dew hides the story of Tao Yuanming picking chrysanthemums. During the three seasons of cold dew, chrysanthemums bloom with yellow flowers, creating a unique autumn scenery. The poet Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, indifferent to fame and fortune, resigned from his official position and retired to the countryside.
Before and after the cold dew, the autumn sky is clear and the chrysanthemums are in full bloom. He would stroll along the eastern fence and pick chrysanthemums. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the southern mountains "is the timeless famous line he wrote while admiring chrysanthemums on a cold dew autumn morning. Cold dew is cold, flowers wither, only chrysanthemums are not afraid of cold dew and proudly bloom. Later literati admired Tao Yuanming's character and would gather together to admire chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine during the cold dew. The ancients believed that chrysanthemums were endowed with autumn golden energy, and drinking chrysanthemum wine with cold dew could dispel autumn dryness and cleanse the body and mind. The custom of appreciating chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine has been passed down in this way, becoming a symbol of Hanlu's refined customs.
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There are also folk stories about catching crucian carp with cold dew. After the cold dew, the water temperature decreases, and crucian carp forage extensively to store winter energy, making it a good season for fishing. In ancient times, in the water towns of Jiangnan, fishermen and farmers would go fishing by the river during their leisure time in the cold dew.
According to legend, there was an old farmer who was fishing by the river on a cold dew day and caught many crucian carp, which he distributed to his neighbors.After eating, everyone feels that fish meat is warm and suitable for resisting the cold of autumn. Gradually formed the habit of tasting river delicacies with cold dew. The common belief among the people is that crucian carp is the most plump and delicious during the cold dew season. As the saying goes, "crucian carp in cold dew can compete with ginseng." At this time, people in water towns will catch river fresh fish to nourish their bodies and resist the cold and dryness.
Cold dew also has the custom of climbing high, which is closely related to the Double Ninth Festival.
Cold dew often approaches the Double Ninth Festival. The ancients believed that climbing in autumn could stretch one's muscles and dispel the coldness of autumn. According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, Huan Jing, a native of Runan, heard of a disaster during the Double Ninth Festival. With the guidance of a master, he climbed a high mountain on the ninth day of September to avoid trouble. In many years, the Double Ninth Festival falls within the Cold Dew solar term. Over time, during the period from Hanlu to Chongyang, climbing high and looking far became a popular trend among the people. Climbing high in autumn, overlooking the colorful forests, admiring the mountains and rivers of late autumn, while stretching the body, following the health concept of "autumn harvest", restraining one's demeanor, and preventing emotions from leaking out.
In terms of dietary customs, Hanlu emphasizes eating sesame seeds. Folk proverb: "Cold dew eats sesame seeds." In ancient times, it was believed that cold dew could harm people with dry mouth and cracked skin, while sesame seeds nourished yin and moistened dryness. Legend has it that in ancient times, during the cold dew season in the Central Plains region, dry qi prevailed, causing many people to cough and have dry and cracked skin. An old doctor told the people that consuming sesame seeds for cold dew can moisten dryness and promote diuresis. The people then ground sesame seeds into sesame paste and made sesame cakes, which were consumed by the whole family. Over time, the custom of Hanlu eating sesame seeds spread.
The ancients placed great importance on the health preservation of cold dew, and there is a saying that goes, "White dew does not expose the body, cold dew does not expose the feet. After the white dew, pay attention to keeping the top warm; At the cold dew, the chill sinks, and the feet can no longer be exposed to the cold. Socks should be worn instead of barefoot. This is the wisdom of life summarized by ancient people through long-term observation of climate. During the Cold Dew season, the coldness gradually increases from shallow to deep, no longer the slight coolness of early autumn. Coldness easily invades the human body from under the feet, so it is necessary to protect the feet and keep warm.
Cold dew is a signal that autumn is coming to an end. It is not as light and gentle as Bai Lu, with a deeper chill. From the textual records in the "Collection and Interpretation of the Seventy Two Seasons of the Moon", the ancient legend of geese flying south, the elegant act of Tao Yuanming appreciating chrysanthemums in Dongli, to the folk customs of eating sesame seeds, climbing mountains, and drinking chrysanthemum wine, the cold dew carries the ancient people's perception of time sequence. In ancient times, people observed the coldness of dew water and the blooming of chrysanthemums, and arranged farming and physical and mental health according to the weather.
To this day, the cold dew still reminds us that autumn is deep and the cold is approaching. Plants and trees slowly fade away their colors, and the world returns to tranquility. The story and customs of Hanlu are not just distant legends, but also ancient wisdom of Chinese people's interaction with nature, hidden in the cultural river of the 24 solar terms, passed down from generation to generation.
